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Word Nerd: "havoc"
Context and Language Videos
Act 3,
Scene 1
Lines 271-276

An explanation of the origin of the word "havoc" in Act 3, Scene 1 of myShakespeare's Julius Caesar

myShakespeare | Julius Caesar 3.1 Word Nerd: Havoc

Antony

And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge,
With Ate by his side, come hot from hell,
Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice
Cry 'Havoc!' and let slip the dogs of war,
That this foul deed shall smell above the earth
With carrion men, groaning for burial.
Video Transcript: 

The word havoc comes from the old French word, havot, which meant to pillage or ransack. In ancient times, a large part of a soldier’s compensation came from the spoils of war; they would strip valuables from dead soldiers and pillage conquered cities. But until the opposing army had been completely defeated, it was important for the soldiers to maintain their battle formation. It was only when the commanding general issued the order “havoc” that the soldiers were free to pillage and plunder. Here Shakespeare is using the expression “cry havoc” in the more general sense of causing devastation and destruction.