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"To be, or not to be"
Context and Language Videos
Act 3,
Scene 1
Lines 57-70

A discussion of "To be, or not to be" in Act 3, Scene 1 of myShakespeare's Hamlet. 

myShakespeare | Hamlet 3.1 Discussion: "To be or not to be"

Hamlet

To be, or not to be — that is the question. 
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And, by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep,
No more. And by a sleep, to say we end 
The heartache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to — ‘tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep;
To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there's the rub.    
For in that sleep of death, what dreams may come 
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil    
Must give us pause. There's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life.    
Video Transcript: 

SARAH: In this opening line Hamlet directly states the decision he faces: "To be or not to be" — to live or die, to exist or to stop existing.

RALPH: We can imagine that Hamlet is returning to the theme of his first soliloquy — a suicide wish. After all, he's asking whether or not it's better, or nobler, to put up with the troubles that life has thrown his way, or simply end them by dying.

SARAH: Well let's not be too hasty here, Ralph. His exact words are, "by opposing end them" — so the alternative to putting up with all his troubles is to oppose them, or fight them. And fighting them will put an end to those troubles, as well as, potentially, an end to Hamlet himself, if the fighting proves dangerous. This doesn't sound exactly like suicide.

RALPH: That's a good point, Sarah. But it's not entirely clear why fighting against these hardships might kill Hamlet. Perhaps because he has to risk his life to kill Claudius, and he might die trying?

SARAH: Yes, perhaps. It's also important to note that when he says "'tis nobler in the mind to suffer," he's probably not saying that it's more noble in his mind, his opinion, — he's saying that it's noble to suffer these hardships in his mind, that is, to accept and endure them psychologically, not just physically. The phrase "in his mind" probably refers to the verb "to suffer," and not to the idea of "nobler."